Section 406.3(D)(3) does not address the extension of existing two-wire circuits. Replacement receptacles rules are to increase the safety of older two-wire branch circuits where a replacement receptacle is desired. The panel rejects the concept of adding new receptacles to an existing two-wire circuit and applying the provisions for replacement receptacles rules. Therefore, this text does not apply to this section. This proposal addresses the installation of new receptacles. Section 406.3(D) addresses the installation of replacement receptacles. The elimination of extension cord use should carry nearly as much importance as EGCs in this environment. In many cases, these existing circuits are extended to add receptacles to conform with 210.52. By expressing explicit guidelines for additions to existing circuits, installers will be forbidden to connect an unbonded EGC between receptacles, decreasing the shock hazard in the event of an unbonded fault. Given the leniency put forth by this section regarding replacement receptacles, it appears that old 2-wire installations, while regrettable, do not present an imminent danger to occupants as stated in 80.5(B).Ĩ0.5(C) expresses that Additions.shall not cause a building to become unsafe. The section in question (406.3(D)) effectively bends the standard requirements for new installations to provide relief for the installer when dealing with old work. Receptacles installed to additions to existing branch circuits shall be considered replacements for the purpose of this section. Replacement of receptacles shall comply with 406.3(D)(1), (2), and (3) as applicable. This proposal was rejected.ġ8-16 Log #1396 NEC-P18 Final Action: Reject Here was a proposal in 2008 to allow the use of GFCI protection rule for ungrounded receptacle replacement for circuit extensions. This method is also permitted to ground a replacement 3-wire receptacle in the existing ungrounded box on the left, where no grounding conductor is available. The requirement in 250.68(C)(1) does not permit this separate EGC to be connected to the metal water piping of a building or structure beyond the first 5 feet of where the piping enters the building or structure unless the conditions of the exception to 250.68(C)(1) can be met. The branch circuit does not contain an equipment ground.Īn existing branch circuit is being extended for additional receptacle outlets.Īn EGC is connected from the receptacle grounding terminal to any accessible point on the grounding electrode system, to any accessible point on the grounding electrode conductor, to the grounded service conductor within the service equipment enclosure, to the equipment grounding terminal bar in the enclosure from which the circuit is supplied, or to an EGC that is part of another branch circuit that originates from the same enclosure where the branch circuit for the receptacle originates. This section permits a non-grounding-type receptacle to be replaced with a grounding-type receptacle under the following conditions: Section 250.130(C) applies to both ungrounded and grounded systems, but its most common application is for receptacle replacement of branch-circuit extensions in single-phase, 120-volt, 15- and 20-ampere branch circuits, which are required to be supplied by a grounded system per 250.20(B). When extending circuits we need to now upgrade to grounding. Well the answer to both of these questions is “NO”. Or, can you extend an ungrounded circuit without an equipment grounding conductor as long as you provide GFCI protection and mark it “GFCI Protected, No Equipment Ground”? So the question came up can you extend an ungrounded branch circuit without a grounding conductor? So how do we deal with this? What can I and what can’t I do to add new receptacles and extend branch circuits? Often in older homes (Pre-early 1960’s) we have ungrounded wiring systems and often fewer receptacles than what we are used to in more modern homes ( What is a Sufficient Number of Receptacles? A historical review ). Extending branch circuits off of ungrounded systems, 2 wire system no equipment ground.ĭealing with older wiring systems can be a bit tricky for new homeowners and those who live in these older homes.
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The materials made available by abcteach are intended to be used with and for children and students, among others, at the discretion and under the control, supervision, and direction of the parents, educators, and other adults who are visitors, members, or subscribers to the Site. abcteach is for use by parents, educators, and others over the age of 18. Currently we operate under the following base urls:, and .ġ.3. As used in this Terms of Service and Privacy Policy, "We" and "abcteach" and "Site" refer to all websites and services, whether public or membership, operated or offered by abcteach. The names "abcteach" and "abctools" are registered trademarks. The website is owned and operated by ABCTEACH LLC, a Michigan limited liability company. The public and membership websites have been in operation since about 2000, providing access to downloadable materials for educators and parents.ġ.2. Thrifting Judaica allows Jewish memories to live on through the use of these objects during our holidays it helps bridge the gap between Jewish communities of the past, present and future.1.1. Of course, much of my understanding of the previous owners is completely speculative - but I’m still able to learn about each piece’s history, and I love to connect the dots and imagine how they came to be a part of a family before landing on a secondhand shelf. Adding to this small collection of mine, which currently features five menorahs and a seder plate, has given me a chance to connect with past Jewish communities in a way I never thought possible. While I’m not necessarily looking for these pieces when I pop into a thrift store, I’m always delighted when I find them. But I know that it was well-loved by its original owners, and I hope that I can show it the same respect and appreciation. I have no way of knowing when it was last lit, or by who, or why it was sent to an antique store to find a new home. This particular piece shows its age and use through the collection of dust and cobwebs that surround the candle wicks still peeking out of each cups. This area features Jewish day schools, Hadassah chapters and a Jewish community center, which leads me to believe this menorah was once central to a loving and active Jewish community. Based on the zip code located on the sticker, this menorah was sold near the Kensington neighborhood, which has had an established Jewish community since before WWII. The pewter one, however, has a sticker on the bottom that says it was made in 1994 in India and sold by Aviv Judaica Imports, Ltd. I’m not sure when it was made, but the back is stamped with “Oppenheim” and “Israel,” so I at least know the manufacturer and location of production. A blue one with brass accents is bright and vibrant, reminding me of the way you feel when you celebrate Hanukkah with your loved ones. While much more demure than the the Godinger, these menorahs are special to me in their own way. My most recent finds come from antique malls located in a Florida town where I wouldn’t have expected to see any type of Judaica. How this piece made its way into a thrift store, I’ll never know, but I like to think the traditions of whatever family may have owned it are now being kept alive: It still sits on a windowsill every year for the holiday. Their Hanukkah celebrations would have included the best of Bubbe’s homemade latkes with all of the applesauce and sour cream in the world, piles of gelt for the kids to play dreidel, and a collection of presents and toys to accompany their celebration of the Festival of Lights. Looking at this piece, I imagine the family who owned it enjoyed extravagant things. It had a touch of tarnish from age, bits of candle wax still nestled deep inside each of the cups and a sticker on the base that told me I could take it home for just $9.99. It caught my eye immediately, standing out among the various knick-knacks and tchotchkes that surrounded it. One of the very first pieces I found, and arguably my favorite, is a Godinger silver-plated tree of life menorah produced sometime in the ‘90s. Dreidels with the paint wearing off, seder plates that have been through countless Passovers, chipped ceramic Shabbat candle holders, menorahs with remnants of candle wax from Hanukkahs of yore - each piece tells a story, one that I hope to connect with through my collection of such items. Going to a thrift store and finding a piece of Judaica, whatever it may be, feels like finding a piece of home or family I haven’t met yet. If you drive a 2012 Kia Soul, it's not uncommon to hear a clunking sound when turning the steering wheel to the right or left. 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Kevin Perez (born April 20, 2003), known professionally as Kay Flock, is an American rapper. Looks quite complex doesn’t it? but don’t worry FL Studio newbies, it can all be explained with the five icons ringed in red: the Playlist, Piano Roll, Channel Rack, Mixer and Browser. Here’s one of FL Studio’s demo songs loaded up. The complete guide to FL Studio 20: Step-by-stepġ. Join us for part 2 then, and in the mean time check out our review of FL Studio 20 here. We’ve used the ‘Newstuff’ demo song to show you some of the features, and next time around we’ll look at making a tune from scratch. The following workshop will show how these five main areas interact in a lot more detail so you can understand the FL Studio way and how you can quickly start making music. Finally, once the Patterns created in the Channel Rack are arranged on the Playlist, they can be mixed with the final element, the Mixer, which can be adjusted in size, track colour, you name it. If you want to play melodies, you still use the Channel Rack but then employ the fourth important element, the Piano Roll, to play notes in traditionally across a virtual keyboard (or draw then in as you might on a conventional DAW). Hover your mouse over each and the information about it will be displayed top left of the screen but we’ll run through them here as they are the very heart of how you make music in FL Studio. The difference is that this song arrangement is put together with individual Patterns, created in the Channel Rack, and these can exist on any track – they are not tied down to one track as in most DAWs.īeat Patterns tend to be created in the Channel Rack using a traditional step sequencer – just highlight the beat you want to play as it cycles around. FL Studio 20 comprises five main areas, each switched on and off using five icons (the first five of the 10) in the centre of the top part of the screen. These Patterns are arranged on the Playlist, the large central area of the GUI and one other DAW users will recognise as being where the song arrangement comes together. The second is the Channel Rack that contains Patterns of these beats and notes which, when put together, make the song arrangement. The first is the Browser which contains all of the ingredients – samples, sounds, instruments, effects and so on – that you will use in your song. So if you are a used to using any other DAW, we’ll explain how FL Studio relates to those and how its unique approach will have you making music in minutes, so let’s get going! The grand tourįL Studio 20 comprises five main areas, each switched on and off using five icons (the first five of the 10) in the centre of the top part of the screen. It’s not necessarily aimed at newcomers to DAW music making – although they will get benefits from following the workshop – but more at people cross-grading from other platforms. But that’s why we’ve put this guide together. At first it might seem like a difficult DAW to get your head around, because it does things in rather different ways to other similar software. Either way, if you are new to FL then you have come to the right place. |
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